2020 онд Монгол Улс дэлхийн 149 оронтой худалдаа хийж, гадаад худалдааны нийт бараа эргэлт 12.8 тэрбум ам.доллар болж 2019 оны гүйцэтгэлээс 876.9 сая ам.доллар буюу 6.4 хувиар буурчээ.
Экспортын дүн импортын дүнгээс 2.2 тэрбум сая ам.доллароор давж, гадаад худалдааны баланс эерэг гарсныг Гаалийн ерөнхий газраас танилцууллаа.
Өнгөрсөн онд түр боомтуудаар 141.9 сая ам.долларын худалдаа хийгдсэн нь нийт бараа эргэлтийн 1.1 /экспортын 1.0, импортын 1.3/ хувийг эзэлж байгаа юм.
ЭКСПОРТ
Экспортод 7.5 тэрбум ам.долларын бараа, түүхий эд гаргасан нь өнгөрсөн оны мөн үетэй харьцуулахад 0.6 хувиар буурав. Экспортод нийлүүлсэн барааны 99.4 хувийг валютын төлбөртэй худалдаа эзэлж байгаа ба өмнөх онтой харьцуулахад валютын төлбөртэй экспорт 46.8 сая ам.доллароор буюу 0.6%-аар өсчээ.
Экспортын өөрчлөлтийг БТКУС-ийн барааны хэсгээр авч үзвэл:
- Сувд, үнэт ба хагас үнэт чулуу, үнэт металл, гоёлын зүйлс бүлэгт багтах барааны экспорт 1370.9 сая ам.доллар буюу 327.1 хувиар;
- Хүнсний бэлэн бүтээгдэхүүний экспорт 8.3 сая ам.доллароор буюу 13.5 хувиар гэх мэт 5 хэсгийн барааны экспорт өсч бусад 16 хэсгийн барааны экспорт буурсан байна.
Түүнчлэн тус онд эрдэс бүтээгдэхүүний экспортын 96.2%-ийг чулуун нүүрс, зэсийн баяжмал, молибдены баяжмал, хайлуур жонш, төмрийн хүдэр, цайрын хүдэр болон боловсруулаагүй нефтийн экспорт эзэлжээ.
ИМПОРТ
Импортоор нийт 5.2 тэрбум ам.долларын бараа, түүхий эд оруулсан нь 2019 оны гүйцэтгэлээс 833.6 сая ам.доллароор буюу 13.6 хувиар буурсан байна.
Импортоор нийлүүлэгдсэн барааг хувиар харвал:
- 94.7 хувийг валютын төлбөртэй худалдаа,
- 1.4 хувийг гадаадын зээлийн хөрөнгөөр нийлүүлсэн бараа,
- 0.9 хувийг гадаадын тусламжийн бараа,
- 2.6 хувийг гадаадын хөрөнгө оруулалтаар нийлүүлсэн бараа,
- хувийг боловсруулалтын бараа эзэлж байна.
Импортын өөрчлөлтийг БТКУС-ийн барааны хэсгээр авч үзвэл:
- Эрдэс бүтээгдэхүүн 365 сая ам.доллароор;
- Авто, агаарын ба усан замын тээврийн хэрэгсэл, тэдгээрийн эд, ангийн импорт 313.9 сая ам.доллароор;
- Машин, механик тоног төхөөрөмж ба эд анги, цахилгаан хэрэгсэл, тэдгээрийн сэлбэгийн импорт 180 сая ам.доллароор;
- Хуванцар болон түүгээр хийсэн зүйлс, хаймар болон түүгээр хийсэн зүйлсийн импорт 37.1 сая ам.доллароор зэрэг 12 хэсгийн барааны импорт буурч бусад 9 хэсгийн барааны импорт өссөн байна.
Үндсэндээ эрдэс бүтээгдэхүүний импортын 81.1%-ийг нефтийн бүтээгдэхүүн эзэлж байна.
Олон улсын санхүү, эдийн засгийн байгууллага, хандивлагч орны тусламжаар 49.9 сая ам.долларын бараа импортолсноос барааг гарал үүслийн орноор авч үзэхэд АНУ-д 59.7%, Энэтхэгт 2% тус тус ногдож буй аж.
Манай улс дэлхийн 142 орноос гарал үүсэлтэй бараа импортолсноос:
- ОХУ-д 26.4 хувь;
- БНХАУ-д 35.8 хувь;
- АНУ-д 4.6 хувь,
- Японд 7.7 хувь;
- БНСУ-д 4.5 хувь;
- ХБНГУ-д 3.5 хувь тус тус ногдож байгаа нь нийт импортын дүнгийн 82.5 хувийг эзлэв.
85 Сэтгэгдэл
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